1. The molten materials that erupt from the volcano are part of which of Earth’s 4 spheres?

• Biosphere
• Geosphere
• Atmosphere
• Hydrosphere

2. Describe the roles of water, wind, and gravity in shaping the volcano over time.

3. If we’re observing lava leaving this volcano, the first form it’ll take will likely be rock. If it’s subject to which turns it into , it could then be transported by water or wind and subject to to form rock. Over time, this rock my be drawn deep into the earth and subject to to change it into rock.

4. Describe how energy from Earth’s hot interior is responsible for the formation of metamorphic and igneous rocks.

5. How does energy from the Sun work to drive changes in one type of rock to another?

• Energy from the Sun heats the earth, which adds to the heat and pressure necessary to change any type of rock into metamorphic rock.
• Energy from the Sun heats water, causing it to move from one place to another, which breaks down one type of rock and can form sedimentary rock.
• Energy from the Sun causes water to heat up, which speeds up the process of plate tectonics and therefore moves more rock inside the Earth to become igneous or metamorphic rock.
• Energy from the Sun heats Earth’s surface unevenly, which causes changes in the density of the Earth and drives compaction to form sedimentary rock.

6. Which statement most accurately describes the relationship between energy and movement in the Sarychev volcano eruption?

• Energy from the sun is heating the air, creating wind that is eroding the sides of the volcano.
• Energy from the sun is causing materials inside Earth to heat up and rise to the surface.
• Energy from inside Earth is causing materials to melt and force their way to the surface.
• Energy from inside Earth is heating water on Earth’s surface, which will weather the rocks as it flows.

7. Which process must the molten materials in this volcano undergo to become igneous rock?

• Sedimentation
• Crystallization
• Deformation
• Weathering

8. Your science class is watching a video of a volcanic eruption, and the students are debating about the time scales over which geologic processes occur. Which student statement is the most accurate?

• “The processes that form metamorphic rocks are fairly rapid compared to the processes that form sedimentary and igneous rock.”
• “Obviously all of the volcanic processes happen very quickly, which is why eruptions are so violent.”
• “The melting of the rocks happens really quickly but it takes a very long time for the magma to crystallize.”
• “The processes that lead to eruption take an extremely long time but changes are constantly occurring inside of the volcano.”

9. Your classmate draws a model of the rock cycle (see diagram) and asks you how it could be improved. What would you suggest to improve her model?

• The model does not show the correct energy sources for each step of the cycle.
• Her model is accurate and doesn’t need any modifications.
• The arrows are pointing in the wrong directions.
• The model does not show that any type of rock can change into any other type of rock.

10. Create a model in the space below to explain how matter and energy flow out of the earth in this image. Make sure to show where matter is moving from and show what energy source is driving this process.

11. Explain how your model demonstrates the flow of matter and energy out of the volcano.

12. Explain the cycle of matter that leads to this phenomenon.