1. Which of the following is true about food and energy?

• food provides molecules that are used for energy
• food must enter through the mouth in order to be broken down for energy
• oxygen is a food because it provides energy to plants
• liquids cannot give energy

2. Food is broken down through a series of chemical reactions that .

3. To form amino acids from these chemicals, what needs to happen?

• These compounds are already amino acids that need no further construction.
• They need to be broken apart into individual atoms and rebuilt through RNA translation.
• They can’t be used to form amino acids, but are used in cellular respiration to create ATP.
• Their hydrocarbon backbones can be used to construct amino acids.

4. Organic molecules are also called based molecules.

5. Matter flows in cells are primarily due to the rearrangement of .

6. In cells, it’s possible for the products of chemical reactions to be more complex than the reactants.

• True
• False

7. The main reason we use chemical reactions in cellular respiration is to alter the difference between the the products vs. the reactants.

8. One of your classmates makes the following claim:

”Amino acids are composed of Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Carbon atoms, which means we can get everything our cells need from Twinkies.”

Evaluate this statement to help clarify the role of sugar molecules in forming amino acids and usable energy.

9. Write a claim to answer the following question:

Do Twinkies have what cells need to make amino acids and energy?

10. What evidence supports your claim that answers the following question:

Do Twinkies have what cells need to make amino acids and energy?

11. What reasoning connects your evidence and claim to answer the following question:

Do Twinkies have what cells need to make amino acids and energy?

12. Which of the following statements accurately evaluates Andy's statement?

• Andy is correct in the similarities of these molecules, but the H, C, and O atoms only enter the body through our food.
• Andy is incorrect about the similarities between these atoms, they can only be gained through our food and cannot be recombined in another way.
• Andy is correct about the similarities of these atoms, but these atoms can also enter the body through our food.
• Andy is incorrect about the similarities between these atoms, the shape of each model tells us that these are different kinds of H, C, and O atoms.

13. Which of the following pieces of evidence helps to disprove Francesca's statement?

• All living things are only able to break down some organic molecules to create usable energy. The cycles that plants and animals use to create usable energy are very different.
• The shape of a molecule cannot be changed in the human body, which is why we need to eat many different types of food.
• The human body can recombine oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen from existing molecules into new molecules from food, water, and air.
• The human body can store extra glucose as glycogen, which can be accessed through feedback mechanisms.

14. Which of the following statements best evaluates Giulia's statement?

• Giulia is correct that each of these molecules can be broken down into smaller parts, but each glucose molecule can only be broken down into one pyruvate molecules, due to the number of carbons needed in each pyruvate molecule.
• Giulia is correct that these molecules can be broken down into pyruvate and they're often combined with other atoms during respiration to create more than one pyruvate molecule with each glucose molecule.
• Giulia is incorrect about the ways that starches are broken down into pyruvate molecules. Since the body is unable to change the shape of a molecule, we can't create pyruvate directly from glucose.
• Giulia is incorrect about the way that Starch is broken down into pyruvate. We're only able to create less than 4 pyruvate molecules with each glucose molecule due to the number of H atoms.