1. Which of the following observations serves as evidence that the air inside the lantern is made of particles?

• The particles of air are visible when they leave the lantern through the opening on the bottom.
• The particles of air are visible when they are heated from the flame.
• The lantern inflates because the air travels through the paper.
• The lantern inflates because the air takes up the space inside it.

2. What is true about the particles inside the lanterns?

• They are too small to take up space
• They are too small to have mass
• They are not affected by energy
• They are too small to see

3. Which of the following substances has properties that would cause it to behave most similar to the matter inside the lantern?

• Rubber
• Paper
• Helium gas
• Liquid water

4. If energy is added to an object it can cause the object to move .

5. The energy causing the lantern to rise up can be most closely related to which of the following?

• Sound
• Heat
• Light
• Electricity

6. The lantern rises due to a change in the the system.

7. The particles inside the lantern are gaining from the flame which causes them to move .

8. The particles inside the lantern are in the state which means they are .

9. If the temperature inside the lantern is colder before the flame is lit, which of the following is true?

• The particles have lower average kinetic energy
• The particles have less heat
• The particles are less dense
• The particles are not colliding with each other or the lantern

10. The lantern rises up because the of the inside the lantern is compared to the air around it.

11. Refer to figure B. Which of the student models does a better job at showing the change in space that a gas takes up when heated and why?

• Enrique’s model, because there are particles shown inside the lantern while it is on the ground.
• Enrique’s model, because there are more particles in the lantern when it is in the sky.
• Mabel’s model, because the volume of the lantern is larger when it is in the sky.
• Mabel’s model, because the temperature of the gas is labeled inside the lantern.

12. Your teacher asks you to revise Enrique’s model to show the temperature of the air inside and outside the lantern while on the ground. Which of the following features could be added to show this?

• Add larger motion lines on the particles outside the lantern to show that they are moving faster.
• Remove some of the particles from inside the lantern to show that there is less kinetic energy inside the lantern.
• Have the same number of particles inside and outside the lantern to show that they are the same temperature.
• Add equal-sized motion lines on the particles inside and outside to show they are moving at the same speed.

13. Which of the following statements accurately describes the cause and effect relationship that occurs to make the lantern rise?

• The increase in thermal energy causes the kinetic energy of the gas in the lantern to increase, which makes particles spread out and decrease the density inside the lantern.
• The increase in temperature inside the lantern causes the kinetic energy of gas in the lantern to increase, which makes the particles spread out and increase the density inside the lantern.
• The increase in temperature inside the lantern causes the thermal energy to increase, which makes the particles move around less and decrease the density inside the lantern.
• The increase in thermal energy causes the kinetic energy of the gas in the lantern to decrease, which makes the particles move around more and increase the density inside the lantern.

14. Explain how your model shows that a change in the particles inside the lantern makes it rise up.

15. Your teacher tells you that both the models in figure B are lacking accurate details about how thermal energy affects the gas inside the lantern. Which model could be easily revised to show this detail and how would you revise it?

• Mabel’s model could be revised to show that when the volume of the lantern increases the density of the particles inside decreases.
• Enrique’s model could be revised to show that the thermal energy from the flame causes the number of particles to increase inside the lantern and more particles cause the kinetic energy to increase.
• Mabel’s model could be revised to show that when the pressure inside the lantern is high the density of gas is low.
• Enrique’s model could be revised to show the particles inside the lantern have more kinetic energy and are moving faster when they gain thermal energy from the flame.

16. You and some friends are about to release a sky lantern when you notice a long rip in the paper at the top of the lantern. Which of the models in figure B could be revised to show the effect this would have on the flight of the lantern?

• Enrique’s model could be revised to show that there would be less particles inside the lantern when it is on the ground. This could be shown by reducing the number of particles inside the lantern when it is on the ground.
• Mabel’s model could be revised to show that the volume and pressure inside the balloon would decrease instead of increase when air was lost through the top. This means the arrows would be larger on the ground and get small in the sky.
• Mabel’s model could be revised to show that the volume and pressure inside the balloon would not increase because air would escape through the top. This would mean the arrows would not change size.
• Enrique’s model could be revised to show that the particles in the lantern are moving faster when in the sky. This could be shown by adding large motion lines to each of the particles.

17. After watching the gif, Mark wonders how the flight of the lanterns changes when they move higher into the sky where the air temperature is colder. He tries to model the particles in order to make a prediction. Which of the following should be included in his model?

• The particles in the air around the lantern would get closer together and more dense the colder they are. Eventually the air outside would be the same as the density inside the lantern.
• The particles in the air around the lantern would transfer more energy to the air inside the lantern. This would cause the particles of air to get colder and move together. This would cause the density of air inside the lantern to decrease.
• The particles in the air around the lantern would move faster and get closer together as the temperature dropped. This would cause the density of the air around the lantern to be closer to the density inside the lantern.
• The particles in the air around the lantern would get closer together and more dense the colder they are. This would cause a larger density difference between the balloon and the air.

18. One of your classmates makes the following prediction after one of these lanterns is lit:
“If we try to push on the sides of the lantern after it’s lit, we will feel some force from the fire pushing back.”
Which statement is the best explanation of why this would or would not happen?

• The fire adds particles of gas inside the balloon, this causes the particles to exert a larger force inside the balloon. If you push on the side you will feel the particles that have been added inside.
• The fire transfers thermal energy to the paper of the lantern, when the paper gets hotter it rises because heat rises, if you touch the lantern it will feel hot but you won’t feel a force from the fire.
• The fire is a source of thermal energy inside the balloon, this added energy fills the space inside the balloon. If you push on the side of the balloon you won’t feel anything because you can’t feel energy.
• The fire transfers thermal energy to the gas inside the balloon, which makes the gas move faster and exert a larger force on the inside of the balloon. If you push on the side you will feel this pressure exerted by the gas.

19. Your friend asks you what happens to sky lanterns when the candle flame goes out. Create a model to show what would happen to the particles inside the lantern and the effect this would have on the flight of the lantern.

20. In the space below, draw a model to explain how a change in the particles inside the lantern makes it rise up.

21. One of your classmates makes the following prediction after one of these lanterns is lit:

“If we try to push on the sides of the lantern after it’s lit, we will feel some force from the fire pushing back.”

Evaluate this statement and help your classmate explain why or why not this will happen.

22. One of your classmates makes the following prediction before one of these lanterns is lit: “Heating up the inside of the lantern makes the molecules lighter than the air around them!” Evaluate this prediction, do you agree or disagree and why? Be sure to provide evidence from the models provided. Then describe a cause and effect relationship to help your classmate understand why this would or would not happen.